Improvement of the Cloud Microphysics Scheme of the Mesoscale Model at the Japan Meteorological Agency Using Spaceborne Radar and Microwave Imager of the Global Precipitation Measurement as Reference

Abstract In this study, the single-moment 6-class bulk cloud microphysics scheme used in operational numerical weather prediction system at Japan Meteorological Agency was improved using observations of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core satellite as reference values. The original has following biases: underestimation ice compared to brightness temperature GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and lower-troposphere rain reflectivity Dual-frequency Radar (DPR). Furthermore, validation dual-frequency rate revealed that dominant particles solid phase simulation were graupel deviated from DPR observation. causes these issues investigated a single-column kinematic model. caused by high ice-to-snow conversion rate, precipitation lower layers an excessive number small-diameter particles. parameterization is eliminate biases forecast obtained scheme, reduced. Consequently, errors hydrometeors reduced against observations, atmospheric profiles forecasts improved.